chsh-inequality

#Where to find this code?
#https://learning.quantum.ibm.com/tutorial/chsh-inequality

# General
import numpy as np

# Qiskit imports
from qiskit import QuantumCircuit
from qiskit.circuit import Parameter
from qiskit.quantum_info import SparsePauliOp

# Qiskit Runtime imports
#from qiskit_ibm_runtime import QiskitRuntimeService
#from qiskit_ibm_runtime import EstimatorV2 as Estimator

import QuantumRingsLib
from QuantumRingsLib import QuantumRingsProvider
from quantumrings.toolkit.qiskit import QrBackendV2
from quantumrings.toolkit.qiskit import QrEstimatorV2 as Estimator

# Plotting routines
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.ticker as tck

# To run on hardware, select the backend with the fewest number of jobs in the queue
#service = QiskitRuntimeService(channel="ibm_quantum")
#backend = service.least_busy(operational=True, simulator=False, min_num_qubits=127)

provider = QuantumRingsProvider()
backend = QrBackendV2(provider, num_qubits=2)

backend.name

'scarlet_quantum_rings'

theta = Parameter("$\\theta$")

chsh_circuit = QuantumCircuit(2)
chsh_circuit.h(0)
chsh_circuit.cx(0, 1)
chsh_circuit.ry(theta, 0)
chsh_circuit.draw(output="mpl", idle_wires=False, style="iqp")

number_of_phases = 21
phases = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, number_of_phases)
# Phases need to be expressed as list of lists in order to work
individual_phases = [[ph] for ph in phases]

# <CHSH1> = <AB> - <Ab> + <aB> + <ab> -> <ZZ> - <ZX> + <XZ> + <XX>
observable1 = SparsePauliOp.from_list([("ZZ", 1), ("ZX", -1), ("XZ", 1), ("XX", 1)])

# <CHSH2> = <AB> + <Ab> - <aB> + <ab> -> <ZZ> + <ZX> - <XZ> + <XX>
observable2 = SparsePauliOp.from_list([("ZZ", 1), ("ZX", 1), ("XZ", -1), ("XX", 1)])

from qiskit.transpiler.preset_passmanagers import generate_preset_pass_manager

target = backend.target
pm = generate_preset_pass_manager(target=target, optimization_level=3)

chsh_isa_circuit = pm.run(chsh_circuit)
chsh_isa_circuit.draw(output="mpl", idle_wires=False, style="iqp")

isa_observable1 = observable1.apply_layout(layout=chsh_isa_circuit.layout)
isa_observable2 = observable2.apply_layout(layout=chsh_isa_circuit.layout)

# To run on a local simulator:
# Use the StatevectorEstimator from qiskit.primitives instead.

estimator = Estimator(backend=backend)

pub = (
    chsh_isa_circuit,  # ISA circuit
    [[isa_observable1], [isa_observable2]],  # ISA Observables
    individual_phases,  # Parameter values
)

job_result = estimator.run(pubs=[pub]).result()

chsh1_est = job_result[0].data.evs[0]
chsh2_est = job_result[0].data.evs[1]

fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(10, 6))

# results from hardware
ax.plot(phases / np.pi, chsh1_est, "o-", label="CHSH1", zorder=3)
ax.plot(phases / np.pi, chsh2_est, "o-", label="CHSH2", zorder=3)

# classical bound +-2
ax.axhline(y=2, color="0.9", linestyle="--")
ax.axhline(y=-2, color="0.9", linestyle="--")

# quantum bound, +-2√2
ax.axhline(y=np.sqrt(2) * 2, color="0.9", linestyle="-.")
ax.axhline(y=-np.sqrt(2) * 2, color="0.9", linestyle="-.")
ax.fill_between(phases / np.pi, 2, 2 * np.sqrt(2), color="0.6", alpha=0.7)
ax.fill_between(phases / np.pi, -2, -2 * np.sqrt(2), color="0.6", alpha=0.7)

# set x tick labels to the unit of pi
ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(tck.FormatStrFormatter("%g $\\pi$"))
ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(tck.MultipleLocator(base=0.5))

# set labels, and legend
plt.xlabel("Theta")
plt.ylabel("CHSH witness")
plt.legend()
plt.show()